Philosophy and Ethics Essay

What is Ethics? Morals is a part of theory, which is the investigation of what is good and bad. Morals is an activity of feeling. In the event that you are strolling in the city and you see a vagrant, you would ask yourself inquiries like this: How would it be a good idea for me to act? Would it be a good idea for me to help or overlook? When settling on choice how to ask and tune in to your sentiments what's going on or right to is called â€Å"Ethics†. There are numerous models that can depict morals, however individuals like to clarify morals in a simple manner by which everybody can be talking and everybody can be associated with this theme, for example, law. By posing inquiries like: Can laws not be right? Do laws apply to each resident in Canada? For what reason do we need laws? Would laws be able to be changed? These are the sort of inquiries that can clarify morals. Morals originate from a Greek word â€Å"Ethos†, which means character. This tells morals study the activity that can be positive or negative. The term â€Å"ethics† is regularly call â€Å"morals†, which originates from a Latin word â€Å"mores†, which means character, propensity or custom. Morals is recognizing as ethical quality in theory. Why morals is imperative to consider? Morals is significant for human life. Morals show you the proper behavior. Without morals, our activities would be spontaneous and inconsequential. In the event that we need to be effective in our life we can do this in just a single way and along these lines is finding out about morals. Ordinary individuals are managing morals and good issue. For instance, you didn’t get your work done the previous evening what should you do should you come clean with your instructor or should you lie say that you overlooked your schoolwork at home or do a touch of both, in the event that your not certain what to do, at that point this a decent opportunity to learned it concentrate in class. On the off chance that we study morals profound it will help are know better for the future and will assist us with being fruitful in life by recognizing what good and bad. What is Metaphysics? Transcendentalism comes to us from Ancient Greece †meta, which means higher †past earth material science or imperceptible physical science. Transcendentalism is the part of reasoning, which study what is reality. It responds to the inquiry â€Å"What is?†. American scholar Wilfrid Sellars said that mysticism is the investigation of how things hang together, and numerous other rationalist have called it as the principal theory. Along these lines, transcendentalism study reality, what can be importance of life, and in the event that we can discuss what don’t exist. For what reason is Metaphysics significant? Mysticism is the core of reasoning. Without an explanation or an understanding of our general surroundings, we would be powerless to manage experience Metaphysics tells if actually outright. It has a particular kind automatic of our considerations or sentiments. Our general surroundings is genuine. Transcendentalism is very I critical to be concentrate in class since it makes you think more and mentions to you what reality what should you know or accept that it valid. What is Epistemology? Epistemology is the investigation of information. It responds to the inquiry, â€Å"How do we know?† it very well may be ideas, coherent thinking, just as considerations, thoughts, recollections, feelings, and everything mental. It is depict how psyche is identified with the real world, and whether these connections are usable or inadmissible. For what reason is Epistemology significant? Epistemology is the explanation of how we think. It is required so as to have the option to choose the valid from the bogus. It is required so as to utilize and discover the information on the world. Without epistemology, we were unable to think. We would not have the option to recognize truth from mistake. Epistemology is right is the progression to which we could get reality. We as a whole go to class to get some training which implies information is have information you are a virtuoso why not concentrating in class this order and realized for what reason do we have to know things for what reason do they help to know more. How does information make our lifes simpler. What is Esthetics? Style is the investigation of workmanship, and excellence. It additionally, tells the significance of workmanship and the significance of craftsmanship. For what reason is Esthetics significant? It is imperative to recognize what is Esthetics since it is wherever in regular daily existence. You see e individual you will say is the individual is wonderful or not, provided that this is true, what makes it excellent. It makes you think more, and it likewise show you how to pass judgment on craftsmanship and magnificence. What is social and Political Philosophy? Is the investigation of how individuals can control and sorted out their selves. Social way of thinking discusses assortment of subjects, from singular implications to legitimateness of laws. Political way of thinking is the investigation of inquiries regarding the city, government, legislative issues, freedom, equity, property, rights, law a legitimate code and clarify how accomplish they work. For what reason is Social and Political Philosophy Important? It is critical to think about Social and Political Philosophy in light of the fact that the central matter of a nation that keep up guideline is politic, for example, law, rights, opportunity each Canadian resident ought to have information on this point and perceive how they influence individuals. What is the Philosophy of Science? The Philosophy of Science is the investigation of science and how science work and for what reason do we need it to know it and clarifies what is science, it likewise tells if there is any science or there is simply theory. Why Philosophy of Science is significant? As we probably am aware since has changed individuals lifes and has improve a life for everybody, so it is essential to realize we came till here and what would we be able to accomplish for future to improve it, as we as a whole use PCs has been having a major effect in our lifes why doing whatever it takes not to know how it is significant for us.

Music Of Ur Soul Essays - Maelstrom, UR, Shifty,

Music Of Ur Soul Jargon Unit 2 Animadversion: Strong analysis Energetic: Having an enthusiastic want or unbounded longing for; ravenous Saline: Having a to some degree salty taste, particularly from containing a blend of seawater and new water Celerity: Swiftness of activity or movement; speed Contract: An authoritative understanding; a reduced Mischievous: Not direct; sneaky Trick: Games An opening in chess where a minor piece, or pieces, typically a pawn, is offered in return for an ideal position Theatrical: Of or identifying with entertainers or acting Hoyden: A cheerful, rambunctious, or saucy young lady. Harmful: Tending to energize hostility, enmity, or disdain Bedlam: A rough or violent circumstance Obvious: Open and perceptible; not covered up, hid, or mystery Pejorative: Tending to aggravate or turn into Propound: To advance for thought; put forward Legitimacy: The nature of being legitimate; fittingness Blasphemy: Desecration, profanation, abuse, or robbery of something consecrated Immediately: Presenting the substance in a consolidated structure; succinct Suppliant: Asking submissively and truly; imploring Charm: An article set apart with enchantment signs and accepted to give on its conveyor extraordinary forces or assurance Tremulous: Marked by trembling, shuddering, or shaking Undulate: To cause to move in a smooth wavelike movement. Music Essays

Inductive Reasoning Examples

Inductive Reasoning Examples Inductive Reasoning Inductive reasoning is a type of thought process that moves from the specific observation to the general. Sometimes scientists see something occur and they will hypothesize and make a theory based on the observation. Examples of Inductive Reasoning: My father was loud when he was angry. All fathers are loud when they are angry. The first three candies that I ate out of the bag were chocolates. All of the candy in the bag is chocolate. The first two kids I met at my new school were nice to me. The students at this school are really nice. My kindergarten teacher liked apples. My first grade teacher liked apples. My second grade teacher will like apples, too. 90% of the students at the school passed the test. Sarah is a student at the school, so she passed the test. Marie likes to color. Marie likes to draw. Marie will enjoy having a birthday party at an art studio.

The Organic Management Hewlett-Packard - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1559 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? THE ORGANIC MANAGEMENT Dave Packard and Bill Hewlett built their dream – the Hewlett-Packard Company in 1939. Their greatest contribution was not the product that is the core of any business. Rather it was their management style that revolutionized the entry of HP into the American business scene. Their strategy placed their people at the core of their business. They did not believe in the conventional hire-fire policy of the Americans. Even in the 1980s, when the businesses were reeling under the economic burden, HP chose to retain its people by implementing the 4 work days in a week policy which was one of its kind in the history of business. The employees were given the opportunity to innovate and grow within the organisation. They adopted a slow growth policy unlike the other American companies. The growth of the company was phenomenal. On observing the HP way closely, we can understand that the theory underlying here is theory Z. Though it was formulated decades after HP articulated its wa y, the characteristics of HP way can be matched accurately with the theory. Theory Z was the latest addition to the humanistic traditions in management at the time it was propagated. It was built on the foundation laid by Douglas McGregor’s theory X and theory Y. Hence, theory Z is nothing but derived of the best of both X and Y. Theory X is typically an ancient approach to management. It can be considered as the basis of each of the enterprises that came into being since the primitive ages. People are inherently reluctant to work and that the only stimulating factor is punishment. This could be thought as the basis of all sorts of labour and in the extremes- slavery as well. When men are required to work for the builders, all they were doing is prevent punishment. Infliction of pain the dread arising from that thought was the sole driving force to finish the tasks. Pain can be considered in a broader sense here. It could be either the physical pain inflicted on inability to meet the requirements or the pain induced after losing the means of livelihood. This is one extreme of the theory. To give another case that we can relate to, theory X is in play wherever there is a threat of losing their jobs in case of underperformance. Daily wage earners, contract workers and many others working in the unorganised sectors fall in this range. It is an undisputable fact that this produced results. In most of the cases the results were most desirable- from the most talked about monuments to the insignificant routine jobs in an obscure factory. It is in thin context that a few revolutionary thinkers like Elton Mayo came up with their humanistic ideas. To test the same, they conceptualised and implemented the Hawthorne experiments at the Western Electric Company. The most interesting fact about the experiments was that the results were positive irrespective of the kind of stimulus given. For instance in the illumination experiment, merely being chosen amongst a test group itself was sufficient enough to drive the productivity of an individual to the peak. So we can effectively conclude that recognition is what each person strives for. In the present industrial scene, there is indeed a different measurement of the desirable end result. The world has redefined the term desirable for all. Now, there is a drastic shift to the human side of labour from the material gains to business. The mental and physical well-being of the employee is the prime consideration in most companies. This shift in attitude can be attributed not just to the changing industrial climate, but also to the social, political and economic changes in the world. Employee has now found himself at the heart of the process. In this backdrop, one can analyse the counter theory to X, which is called theory Y. This was the soft approach to management. Here, we believe that the employee wants to work for the love of work itself. This theory puts primary focus on self-direction an d initiative rather than a company-driven perspective to work. This focusses more on the reward system in order to boost the morale of the employee and there by better productivity. McGregor mentions a few ways in which theory Y was applied in the industries. For instance, IBM had successfully carried out their decentralisation and deregulation process during this era. Another concept that came into being during this time was Management by Objectives formulated by Peter Drucker. Hence an alignment of the individual aspirations with that of the company became important. The employees would start identifying themselves as part of the organisation. Drawing parallels from the American and the Japanese systems of management one can easily fit certain characteristics of theory X and Y in the big picture. The American system had mostly the characteristics of theory X. They treated their employees solely from a mechanised perspective. Ouchi used the term theory A to describe the Ameri can way of management. It was more mechanistic in nature. The major characteristics were short-term employment, clearly defined career progression, rapid evaluation system, rigid control, and individual decision making. The Japanese management system, which was termed theory J by Ouchi, believed in collective processes. There was a â€Å"moral cohesion† amongst the team members. The defining characteristics of theory J were the collective decision making process, wholistic view, slow growth and advancement, and life-time employment. The stark contrasts in the characteristics of theories A and J roots in the varied socio-political environments in the respective countries. In a study during the 1970s it was found that the American companies fared better in automated production processes than the rest of the world. But in semi-automated industries Japan topped the world. Japan had a more peaceful industrial relations climate as well. The industries started focussing on imp lementation of the best of Japanese management to the American scene to create a more employee friendly industrial climate. The result of this was theory Z. Theory Z incorporates the best of both the practices. It emphasizes on long term employment, contrast to theory A and slightly different from the life-time employment concept of theory J. It includes individual decision making as opposed to that of Japanese management. Ouchi defines â€Å"trust, subtlety and intimacy† as the core values in the culture Z. In essence the meanings are derived extensively from the theories, but one cannot equate Z and the others. Ouchi calls his theory the organic way of managing and this was popularised during the Asian economic boom in 1980s. The implementation of this theory aims at maximising employee involvement, satisfaction, loyalty and productivity. Speaking of theory Z and its impact on the Indian context, we can see that the manufacturing segment operates with more of theory Y where as other newer industries like IT and other services focusses on Theory Z. One can observe this dichotomy in cases of Multinational engineering companies operating in the country. During my stint with ABB Ltd., I was put in a manufacturing facility in the outskirts of Bangalore. But I worked in a global IT team located there. So each day, the shop-floor visit and my workstation gave me experiences that were worlds apart. The manufacturing line had operators who had completed, 10-25 years of experience supervising the contract workers, where as I worked with a team of age group 22-35 years. The manufacturing segment in India being dominated by Trade Unions take collective decisions and there is hardly any attrition except among contract workers. Whereas the IT professionals have to make individual decisions and are strictly monitored and evaluated by their deliverables as a team and also as an individual. There has been a shift to theory Z in the recent years, where apprais als and rewards are incorporated right from the bottom to top of the hierarchy. It is quite palpable in the industrial scene in India. The MNCs have shifted their focus to a more employee engaging and friendly approach. But are the desirable results made? It is obvious that in the present market scenario, the competition is intense and loyalty has taken a backseat. Ultimately the theories aim at alignment of the long term goals of both the company and the individual. The concept of ‘long term’ is long gone from the world. The goals are short term and so are the forecasts. This could be observed in the case of the HP way as well. Currently the company is plagued by unstable management, who is troubled with the style of functioning of the organisation. Though the latter CEOs tried to remove the employee centred ‘HP way’ from HP, it is often seen that they were forced to revise their decisions. Organisations are made of organic building blocks i.e. its people. Hence the organic way of managing, irrespective of the number of names attached to theories, will continue until organisations cease to exist. References Ezaki, Koechi. 1983. ‘The Implications of Theory Z for the Sociology of Organizations’. Mid-American Review of Sociology. Vol.8, No.2, pp 81-91. McGregor, Douglas. 1960. The Human Side of Enterprise. New York : McGraw-Hill. Mayo, Elton. 1930. ‘The Human Effect of Mechanisation’. The American Economic Review. Vol.20, No.1, pp 156-176. Ouchi, W. G. 1981. Theory Z: How American Business can meet the Japanese Challenge. Massachussets : Addison- Wesley. Packard, David. 1985. The HP Way. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Organic Management: Hewlett-Packard" essay for you Create order

The Effects of Greek Theatre on Women - 3640 Words

Effect of Greek Theatre on Women â€Å"Theatre is the art that shaped the Hellene culture, and that is the single most influential culture that shaped the world (Germal 57)†. The people of ancient Greece, known as the people Hellenes, were responsible for many firsts, theatre being among them. Theatre and other arts flourished in ancient Greece between 550 BCE and 220 BCE. Its geographic influence was momentous, spanning through parts of modern day Italy, Turkey, Egypt, Spain, and France. These productions were showcased and funded by the government, making them accessible to all citizens. This allows for an accurate portrayal of Greek culture due to the large amount of people that experienced it, as it was an integral part of their culture,†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"This ever changing people’s history is left in the few remaining volumes the works of comedy, tragedy, and satire (____________90)†. One of the earliest Greek records of satire can be traced to around 500 B.C. Early Greek satires (Satyrs or Satyric dramas) were in essence comedy plays, usually fairly bawdy, and often involved men dressed as Satyrs (clearly the root of the word Satyric). Satyrs were mythological creatures with the upper half of a man and the bottom half of a goat or horse. Satyr was one of three forms of Athenian drama, nestling comfortably as a new genre alongside tragedy and comedy. Satyr was quickly developed between the writers Pratinas, Aristeas, and Aeschylus. These new Satyrs did not begin life as fully developed features - they were instead used as interval pieces to relieve the seriousness of tragic plays. These comic pieces, counterpointing and parodying the tragedy, became extremely popular devices and led to the extension of the form. Ancient Greek comedy was one of the final three principal dramatic forms in the theatre of classical Greece (the others being tragedy and the satyr play). Athenian comedy is conventionally divided into three periods, Old Comedy, Middle Comedy, and New Comedy. Old Comedy survives today largely in the form of the eleven surviving plays of Aristophanes, while Middle Comedy is largely lost, i.e. preserved only in relatively short fragments in authors such as Athenaeus of Naucratis. New Comedy is knownShow MoreRelatedDifference between Greek and Modern Theatres1514 Words   |  7 Pages The Difference between Greek and Modern theatres Kimberly Legaspi February 25th, 2013 Word count: 1478 Difference between Greek and Modern Theatres   Theatre today as in ancient Greek times is a popular form of entertainment. Today’s theatres share many similarities with the Greek  predecessors however they are also very different. 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Pythagoras Essay Example For Students

Pythagoras Essay PythagorasPythagoras was a very significant person in the history of the world. He made many contributions to the fields of math, music, and astronomy. Pythagorass teachings and beliefs that were once taught by him in his ownschool in ancient Greece, are still taught today. The thing that Pythagoras is probably the most famous for is thePythagorean Theorem. The Pythagorean Theorem is used in the field ofmathematics and it states the following: the square of the hypotenuse of aright triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of the two other sides. Thismeans that if one makes a square (with all sides equal in length) out of atriangle with a right angle, the areas of the squares made from the two shortersides, when added together, equal the area of the square made from the longside. Another geometrical discovery made by Pythagoras is that the diagonal ofa square is not a rational multiple of its side. The latter discovery provedthe existence of irrational numbers and therefore changed the entire Greekmathematical belief that whole numbers and their ratios could account forgeometrical properties. Another contribution of Pythagoras and his follower is that of music. Pythagoras essentially created music in that he discovered the way it works. Pythagoras noticed that vibrating strings produce harmonious tones when theratios of the lengths of the strings are whole numbers. After making thisdiscovery, he found that these same ratios could be extended further to otherinstruments. Pythagoras was one of the first to teach that the Earth was at thecenter of the universe. He was also one of the first to teach that the worldwas round, an idea not to be proven for almost another one thousand years. Pythagoras also discovered that the orbit of the moon is inclined to the equatorof the Earth. He also was the first person to make the connection that Venus asthe evening star is the same as Venus the morning star. So, in conclusion, Pythagoras made many contributions to modernsociety. Thus, making him recognizable as a formidable scientist andmathematician even today. Pythagoras will always be a significant person inhistory, because of the discoveries made by him, his students in ancientGreece, and the ever growing amount of people studying his teachings today andwho will continue to learn and follow his lessons until the end of time.

The Niagara Movement free essay sample

The organization received its name for the â€Å"mighty current† effect they would have on black oppression and social injustice to all races. These eager intellectuals sought to motivate and educate people of all races and to combat the evils of white supremacy, Jim Crow, and black oppression. Being a profound orator, Du Bois along with the members of the Niagara Movement would oppose Booker T. Washington and seek to persuade the masses that not accommodation, but education was the key to black prosperity. In July of 1905, annoyed by Washington’s continued accommodating policies towards whites and his influence in the black community, W. E. B. Du Bois sent documents to other â€Å"like-minded† men which informed them of a meeting to be held to discuss the race problem in the United States. â€Å"Drafted and circulated by Du Bois in early June, the call stated two forthright purposes: â€Å"organized determination and aggressive action on the part of men who believe in Negro freedom and growth†; and opposition to â€Å"present methods of strangling honest criticism (Lewis. We will write a custom essay sample on The Niagara Movement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 16). † Over forty men were invited. Many of whom were his colleagues. Twenty-nine men met in Ontario, Canada under the understanding that something had to be done about the race problem, as well as Booker T. Washington. The meeting was held to discuss alternative solutions to ending racial discrimination, disenfranchisement of blacks, and the promotion of black education. Being in opposition to Washington, who was the (hand-picked) spokesman for the black race, the movement sought more militant ways of deflecting central attitudes towards racism. This organization would soon plant their feet in the soil of American politics, and they would not be moved without a change. The very next year on August 15, 1906 the movement would convene again, but this time on American turf. The site of the historically famous John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia would become the second meeting place of the movement. Du Bois stated that this meeting was â€Å"one of the greatest meetings American Negroes ever held. † Du Bois would eventually make a speech regarding the purposes of the second convention. The men of the Niagara Movement coming from the toil of the year’s hard work and pausing a moment from the earning of their daily bread turn toward the nation and again ask in the name of ten million the privilege of a hearing. In the past year the work of the Negro hater has flourished in the land. Step by step the defenders of the rights of American citizens have retreated. The work of stealing the black man’s ballot has progressed and the fifty and more representatives of stolen votes still sit in the nation’s capital. Discrimination in travel and public accommodation has so spread that some of our weaker brethren are actually afraid to thunder against color discrimination as such and are simply whispering for ordinary decencies (Du Bois). † As the next two years toiled on, and black oppression ascended throughout the country, members of the Niagara Movement would convene again in Oberlin, Ohio. Du Bois, who was the general secretary of the movement, was extremely enthusiastic of the movements’ accomplishments up to this period. The convention would convene from August 31 until September 2 with two to three meetings held each day. The movement spent their sessions writing and re-writing resolutions, making conventional addresses, voting on the passage of articles and electing new committee members. Mason Hawkins of Baltimore, Maryland would be elected as the incoming treasurer and Du Bois would remain the general secretary. The convention was open to the public and esteemed black intellectuals from the entire country were present to take part in this historical move of black preparedness. The Niagara Movement would publish the â€Å"Declaration of Principles† in 1905. Almost entirely authored by William Du Bois, the ocument stated: â€Å"Progress: The members of the conference, known as the Niagara Movement, assembled in annual meeting at Buffalo, July 11th, 12th and 13th, 1905, congratulate the Negro-Americans on certain undoubted evidences of progress in the last decade, particularly the increase of intelligence, the buying of property, the checking of crime, the uplift in home life, the advance in literature and art, and the demonstration of constructive and executive ability in the conduct of great religious, economic and educational institutions . Suffrage: At the same time, we believe that this class of American citizens should protest emphatically and continually against the curtailment of their political rights. We believe in manhood suffrage; we believe that no man is so good, intelligent or wealthy as to be entrusted wholly with the welfare of his neighbor. Civil Liberty: We believe also in protest against the curtailment of our civil rights. All American citizens have the right to equal treatment in places of public entertainment according to their behavior and desert. Economic Opportunity: We especially complain against the denial of equal opportunities to us in economic life; in the rural districts of the South this amounts to peonage and virtual slavery; all over the South it tends to crush labor and small business enterprises; and everywhere American prejudice, helped often by iniquitous laws, is making it more difficult for Negro-Americans to earn a decent living. Education: Common school education should be free to all American children and compulsory. High school training should be adequately provided for all, and college training should be the monopoly of no class or race in any section of our common country. We believe that, in defense of our own institutions, the United States should aid common school education, particularly in the South, and we especially recommend concerted agitation to this end. We urge an increase in public high school facilities in the South, where the Negro-Americans are almost wholly without such provisions. We favor well-equipped trade and technical schools for the training of artisans, and the need of adequate and liberal endowment for a few institutions of higher education must be patent to sincere well-wishers of the race. Courts: We demand upright judges in courts, juries selected without discrimination on account of color and the same measure of punishment and the same efforts at reformation for black as for white offenders. We need orphanages and farm schools for dependent children, juvenile reformatories fox delinquents, and the abolition of the dehumanizing convict-lease system. Public Opinion: We note with alarm the evident retrogression in this land of sound public opinion on the subject of manhood rights, republican government and human brotherhood, arid we pray God that this nation will not degenerate into a mob of boasters and oppressors, but rather will return to the faith of the fathers, that all men were created free and equal, with certain unalienable rights. Suppression and apologetic before insults. Through helplessness we may submit, but the voice of protest of ten million Americans†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (The Niagara Movement, 1905). By the promotion of these principles, the Niagara Movement made it obvious that discrimination and/or segregation of any kind is unacceptable and would not be tolerated. The document deemed social, political and racial injustice was rationally inappropriate whether it be from the government or even the church. The life of William Du Bois was the complete opposite of his peer and opponent, Booker T. Washington. Du Bois was born to a free black family in Great Barrington, Massachusetts in 1868. Although, both of Du Bois’ parents were predominantly black, he identified himself as a mulatto. The African American population in his hometown was rigidly small; henceforth his education was significantly superior to that of the average black child. Du Bois was encouraged by many of his white teachers to pursue a college education. With help from the community, Du Bois enrolled and later graduated from the Historically Black College known as Fisk University. William Du Bois outstandingly excelled in his academic career. After commencing from Fisk, he would travel to Ohio to do graduate work at Oberlin University. Once arriving back in the United States, Du Bois applied and was accepted to the Ivy- League Harvard University where he later became the first African- American to receive a Ph. D. Du Bois worked with some of the world’s most prominent social scientist and he himself became an international author, sociologist and race leader. Being a stratified sociologist, W. E. B. Du Bois developed several theories regarding race problem. For the Niagara Movement, the key to race problem was simply education. They believed that there was power in knowledge and wisdom. The movement adopted Du Bois’ theory of the â€Å"educated elite. † This theory took place in two phases that adjusted his complete stance on social analysis. â€Å"The first phase encompasses the years of 1897 to1904. During this phase, Du Bois began to define the contours of the problems of the Black population; he also begins to assess the need for an intellectual cadre that would serve as an agent of societal guidance. The second phase (1906-1952) is marked by Du Bois’ thrust to merge his theoretical assumptions on leadership with practical possibilities regarding specific organizations and pro- grams. This phase, which covers the greater part of his life, sees Du Bois formally and partially forsakes his earlier declared commitment to a scientific sociology in order to enter the public arena as a social activist (Dennis 389). † The movement believed in the strength of education as a key to ascendency for the rights of determined humans. With his close friend, colleague as well the co-founder of the Niagara Movement, William Trotter, W. E. B. Du Bois would cultivate the â€Å"talented tenth† idea. While Du Bois felt that in order to succeed, one must be educated, he also felt that the race could only be saved by those who were educated. This notion was heavily adopted and transmitted throughout the Niagara Movement. In the formation of the movement, Du Bois invited only people who he thought would contribute to this talented tenth ideal. â€Å"Those signing represented the vanguard of the Talented Tenth-educators, lawyers, publishers, physicians, ministers, and several businessmen secure enough in their professions and principles to risk Booker T. Washington’s retribution. Du Bois described them as â€Å"educated, determined, and unpurchasable†- fifty odd men he had hoped but doubted he could find who â€Å"had not bowed the knee to Baal (Lewis 316). † Made public by Du Bois in his essay, he described a group of ten black men who would be the pioneers for social change in the African American Community and ultimately save the race from the ranks of white supremacy. These individuals were deemed elite because of their extraordinary success in their education, books, speeches and direct action. The movement felt power in education. â€Å"Du Bois felt entirely the strength of his intellect and desired to exercise it as another might feel and want to exercise the strength of his arm. He fully recognized that he was clearly superior, in the western world’s estimation of equality of mind, in intellectual capacity. He was not among the best black minds of his time; he was among the best minds of his time (Gibson, Du Bois 23). † Emerging as the second African American race leader, Booker T. Washington was a profound orator, author and educator. Many historians believe that Washington was hand-picked by his mentor, Frederick Douglass to be the next spokesman of the black community. After the emancipation of slaves, Washington and his family moved to West Virginia where he would enroll ad graduate from the esteemed Historically Black College, Hampton University. Many years later, as an attempt to expand the number of black educational institutions by the American Missionary Society, Washington with the recommendation of Samuel Armstrong will go on to find the Tuskegee Institute in Tuskegee, AL. Being only 25 when the school started, Washington was eager to educate young blacks on the techniques of agriculture and mechanics. He believed that the key to black success was through land ownership, thrift, accommodation as well as education. After the finding of Tuskegee Institute and Washington’s monumental Atlanta Cotton Address of 1895, W. E. B. Du Bois began criticizing Washington’s journal, the Tuskegee Machine for its accomodationist stance. The members of the Niagara Movement, who were vividly opposed to Washington, began to write their own publications repudiating Washington and his institution. Moreover, they sought him out as a conspirator and traitor. In The Art of the Possible, by Verney, the author states â€Å"publicly, the Tuskegean accepted the southern white notion that slavery had served as a â€Å"civilizing school† for blacks, rescuing them from savagery and ignorance. When addressing a northern audience at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, on 23 February 1903, Washington pithily remarked that â€Å"I confine myself to a statement of cold bare facts when I say that when the Negro went into slavery, he was a pagan; when he ended his period of bondage he had a religion. Moreover, â€Å"when he went into slavery, he was without anything which might properly be called a language; when he came out of slavery he was able to speak the English tongue with force and intellect (Verney 41). † Although the Niagara Movement was not a Pan-African Movement, it shared many of the Pan-African beliefs. The movement became overwhelmingly dismayed with Washington. If the entire black race were to adopt Washington’s views of black accommodation, it would surely land the race back into the shackles of slavery. The second figure head of the Niagara Movement was William Monroe Trotter. Born in the north, his early life was similar to that of Du Bois’. Trotter, who was also supremely hostile to the Tuskegee Conservative, would later launch his own organization known as the National Equal Rights League. Although had many allies of similar beliefs, his organization would never gain any notable recognition of members. Alcoholism and the inability to work well with others would call for the decline in his movement. Trotter would die on his birthday, April 7, 1934 at the age of 62. In 1908, the Springfield Race Riot emerged as one of the most violent and destructive acts of rioting in United States history. In the north during this time, racial tensions were especially high due to the fierce competition in the labor market between blacks and whites. The sole incident started when a black man was accused of breaking into a white man’s home, and after a brawl between the two of them, the white (Charles Ballard) was murdered. A mob of white coal miners gathered to find the suspect. As tensions increased, the mob would rob a Jewish owned gun shop to put an end to the black problem. After a number of lynching’s, and home-burnings over four-thousand blacks fled the city. The mass riot took a total of seven lives and over forty black-owned businesses. On February 12, 1909 a group of stout abolitionists along with W. E. B. Du Bois would find the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. The NAACP was a formation of black intellectuals as well as concerned whites who sought to ensure the educational, political, social and economic quality of all races. The organization was initially called the National Negro Committee, however a number of its members were white. It was not until the second conference in May of 1909 that the organization would devise the name of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. The organization would become incorporated two years later in 1911. The formation of the NAACP would call for the steady decline in the Niagara Movement. Even though movement shared over thirty thriving branches, it would still descend. The Niagara Movement had accomplished a number of local as well as national victories for the civil rights of blacks. The movement mainly declined due to lack of funds, but historians also contend that the decline was caused by the lack of organization and dissenting members. Although the members of the movement were of great prestige, they were not extremely wealthy. Being a movement of the elite, the organization was never able to gain mass attention and membership would decline. Being the national race leader Booker Washington would shun the movement, insuring that it received little to no publicity in the black press. Du Bois would eventually leave the Niagara Movement and become the only black member on the board of the NAACP. As time continued in the mid-twentieth century, blacks continued to demand civil liberties and the protection of their liberties. With the support of whites and blacks alike in the formation of many black justice organizations such as the Southern Leadership Conference, the NAACP and the Montgomery Civil Rights Movement, schools would be desegregated, blacks were given the right to vote and African Americans became citizens. The passage if the thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth amendments as well as the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1965 gave blacks equal protection of the laws.